بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ

الٓمّٓ(1) غُلِبَتِ الرُّوْمُ(2) فِیْۤ اَدْنَى الْاَرْضِ وَ هُمْ مِّنْۢ بَعْدِ غَلَبِهِمْ سَیَغْلِبُوْنَ(3) فِیْ بِضْعِ سِنِیْنَ۬ؕ-لِلّٰهِ الْاَمْرُ مِنْ قَبْلُ وَ مِنْۢ بَعْدُؕ-وَ یَوْمَىٕذٍ یَّفْرَحُ الْمُؤْمِنُوْنَ(4) بِنَصْرِ اللّٰهِؕ-یَنْصُرُ مَنْ یَّشَآءُؕ-وَ هُوَ الْعَزِیْزُ الرَّحِیْمُ(5) وَعْدَ اللّٰهِؕ-لَا یُخْلِفُ اللّٰهُ وَعْدَهٗ وَ لٰكِنَّ اَكْثَرَ النَّاسِ لَا یَعْلَمُوْنَ(6) یَعْلَمُوْنَ ظَاهِرًا مِّنَ الْحَیٰوةِ الدُّنْیَا ۚۖ-وَ هُمْ عَنِ الْاٰخِرَةِ هُمْ غٰفِلُوْنَ(7) اَوَ لَمْ یَتَفَكَّرُوْا فِیْۤ اَنْفُسِهِمْ- مَا خَلَقَ اللّٰهُ السَّمٰوٰتِ وَ الْاَرْضَ وَ مَا بَیْنَهُمَاۤ اِلَّا بِالْحَقِّ وَ اَجَلٍ مُّسَمًّىؕ-وَ اِنَّ كَثِیْرًا مِّنَ النَّاسِ بِلِقَآئِ رَبِّهِمْ لَكٰفِرُوْنَ(8) اَوَ لَمْ یَسِیْرُوْا فِی الْاَرْضِ فَیَنْظُرُوْا كَیْفَ كَانَ عَاقِبَةُ الَّذِیْنَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْؕ-كَانُوْۤا اَشَدَّ مِنْهُمْ قُوَّةً وَّ اَثَارُوا الْاَرْضَ وَ عَمَرُوْهَاۤ اَكْثَرَ مِمَّا عَمَرُوْهَا وَ جَآءَتْهُمْ رُسُلُهُمْ بِالْبَیِّنٰتِؕ-فَمَا كَانَ اللّٰهُ لِیَظْلِمَهُمْ وَ لٰكِنْ كَانُوْۤا اَنْفُسَهُمْ یَظْلِمُوْنَﭤ(9) ثُمَّ كَانَ عَاقِبَةَ الَّذِیْنَ اَسَآءُوا السُّوْٓ اٰۤى اَنْ كَذَّبُوْا بِاٰیٰتِ اللّٰهِ وَ كَانُوْا بِهَا یَسْتَهْزِءُوْنَ(10) اَللّٰهُ یَبْدَؤُا الْخَلْقَ ثُمَّ یُعِیْدُهٗ ثُمَّ اِلَیْهِ تُرْجَعُوْنَ(11) وَ یَوْمَ تَقُوْمُ السَّاعَةُ یُبْلِسُ الْمُجْرِمُوْنَ(12) وَ لَمْ یَكُنْ لَّهُمْ مِّنْ شُرَكَآىٕهِمْ شُفَعٰٓؤُا وَ كَانُوْا بِشُرَكَآىٕهِمْ كٰفِرِیْنَ(13) وَ یَوْمَ تَقُوْمُ السَّاعَةُ یَوْمَىٕذٍ یَّتَفَرَّقُوْنَ(14) فَاَمَّا الَّذِیْنَ اٰمَنُوْا وَ عَمِلُوا الصّٰلِحٰتِ فَهُمْ فِیْ رَوْضَةٍ یُّحْبَرُوْنَ(15) وَ اَمَّا الَّذِیْنَ كَفَرُوْا وَ كَذَّبُوْا بِاٰیٰتِنَا وَ لِقَآئِ الْاٰخِرَةِ فَاُولٰٓىٕكَ فِی الْعَذَابِ مُحْضَرُوْنَ(16) فَسُبْحٰنَ اللّٰهِ حِیْنَ تُمْسُوْنَ وَ حِیْنَ تُصْبِحُوْنَ(17) وَ لَهُ الْحَمْدُ فِی السَّمٰوٰتِ وَ الْاَرْضِ وَ عَشِیًّا وَّ حِیْنَ تُظْهِرُوْنَ(18) یُخْرِ جُ الْحَیَّ مِنَ الْمَیِّتِ وَ یُخْرِ جُ الْمَیِّتَ مِنَ الْحَیِّ وَ یُحْیِ الْاَرْضَ بَعْدَ مَوْتِهَاؕ-وَ كَذٰلِكَ تُخْرَجُوْنَ(19) وَ مِنْ اٰیٰتِهٖۤ اَنْ خَلَقَكُمْ مِّنْ تُرَابٍ ثُمَّ اِذَاۤ اَنْتُمْ بَشَرٌ تَنْتَشِرُوْنَ(20) وَ مِنْ اٰیٰتِهٖۤ اَنْ خَلَقَ لَكُمْ مِّنْ اَنْفُسِكُمْ اَزْوَاجًا لِّتَسْكُنُوْۤا اِلَیْهَا وَ جَعَلَ بَیْنَكُمْ مَّوَدَّةً وَّ رَحْمَةًؕ-اِنَّ فِیْ ذٰلِكَ لَاٰیٰتٍ لِّقَوْمٍ یَّتَفَكَّرُوْنَ(21) وَ مِنْ اٰیٰتِهٖ خَلْقُ السَّمٰوٰتِ وَ الْاَرْضِ وَ اخْتِلَافُ اَلْسِنَتِكُمْ وَ اَلْوَانِكُمْؕ-اِنَّ فِیْ ذٰلِكَ لَاٰیٰتٍ لِّلْعٰلِمِیْنَ(22) وَ مِنْ اٰیٰتِهٖ مَنَامُكُمْ بِالَّیْلِ وَ النَّهَارِ وَ ابْتِغَآؤُكُمْ مِّنْ فَضْلِهٖؕ-اِنَّ فِیْ ذٰلِكَ لَاٰیٰتٍ لِّقَوْمٍ یَّسْمَعُوْنَ(23) وَ مِنْ اٰیٰتِهٖ یُرِیْكُمُ الْبَرْقَ خَوْفًا وَّ طَمَعًا وَّ یُنَزِّلُ مِنَ السَّمَآءِ مَآءً فَیُحْیٖ بِهِ الْاَرْضَ بَعْدَ مَوْتِهَاؕ-اِنَّ فِیْ ذٰلِكَ لَاٰیٰتٍ لِّقَوْمٍ یَّعْقِلُوْنَ(24) وَ مِنْ اٰیٰتِهٖۤ اَنْ تَقُوْمَ السَّمَآءُ وَ الْاَرْضُ بِاَمْرِهٖؕ-ثُمَّ اِذَا دَعَاكُمْ دَعْوَةً ﳓ مِّنَ الْاَرْضِ اِذَاۤ اَنْتُمْ تَخْرُجُوْنَ(25) وَ لَهٗ مَنْ فِی السَّمٰوٰتِ وَ الْاَرْضِؕ-كُلٌّ لَّهٗ قٰنِتُوْنَ(26) وَ هُوَ الَّذِیْ یَبْدَؤُا الْخَلْقَ ثُمَّ یُعِیْدُهٗ وَ هُوَ اَهْوَنُ عَلَیْهِؕ-وَ لَهُ الْمَثَلُ الْاَعْلٰى فِی السَّمٰوٰتِ وَ الْاَرْضِۚ-وَ هُوَ الْعَزِیْزُ الْحَكِیْمُ(27) ضَرَبَ لَكُمْ مَّثَلًا مِّنْ اَنْفُسِكُمْؕ-هَلْ لَّكُمْ مِّنْ مَّا مَلَكَتْ اَیْمَانُكُمْ مِّنْ شُرَكَآءَ فِیْ مَا رَزَقْنٰكُمْ فَاَنْتُمْ فِیْهِ سَوَآءٌ تَخَافُوْنَهُمْ كَخِیْفَتِكُمْ اَنْفُسَكُمْؕ-كَذٰلِكَ نُفَصِّلُ الْاٰیٰتِ لِقَوْمٍ یَّعْقِلُوْنَ(28) بَلِ اتَّبَعَ الَّذِیْنَ ظَلَمُوْۤا اَهْوَآءَهُمْ بِغَیْرِ عِلْمٍۚ-فَمَنْ یَّهْدِیْ مَنْ اَضَلَّ اللّٰهُؕ-وَ مَا لَهُمْ مِّنْ نّٰصِرِیْنَ(29) فَاَقِمْ وَجْهَكَ لِلدِّیْنِ حَنِیْفًاؕ-فِطْرَتَ اللّٰهِ الَّتِیْ فَطَرَ النَّاسَ عَلَیْهَاؕ-لَا تَبْدِیْلَ لِخَلْقِ اللّٰهِؕ-ذٰلِكَ الدِّیْنُ الْقَیِّمُۗۙ-وَ لٰـكِنَّ اَكْثَرَ النَّاسِ لَا یَعْلَمُوْنَ(30) مُنِیْبِیْنَ اِلَیْهِ وَ اتَّقُوْهُ وَ اَقِیْمُوا الصَّلٰوةَ وَ لَا تَكُوْنُوْا مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِیْنَ(31) مِنَ الَّذِیْنَ فَرَّقُوْا دِیْنَهُمْ وَ كَانُوْا شِیَعًاؕ-كُلُّ حِزْبٍۭ بِمَا لَدَیْهِمْ فَرِحُوْنَ(32) وَ اِذَا مَسَّ النَّاسَ ضُرٌّ دَعَوْا رَبَّهُمْ مُّنِیْبِیْنَ اِلَیْهِ ثُمَّ اِذَاۤ اَذَاقَهُمْ مِّنْهُ رَحْمَةً اِذَا فَرِیْقٌ مِّنْهُمْ بِرَبِّهِمْ یُشْرِكُوْنَ(33) لِیَكْفُرُوْا بِمَاۤ اٰتَیْنٰهُمْؕ-فَتَمَتَّعُوْاٙ-فَسَوْفَ تَعْلَمُوْنَ(34) اَمْ اَنْزَلْنَا عَلَیْهِمْ سُلْطٰنًا فَهُوَ یَتَكَلَّمُ بِمَا كَانُوْا بِهٖ یُشْرِكُوْنَ(35) وَ اِذَاۤ اَذَقْنَا النَّاسَ رَحْمَةً فَرِحُوْا بِهَاؕ-وَ اِنْ تُصِبْهُمْ سَیِّئَةٌۢ بِمَا قَدَّمَتْ اَیْدِیْهِمْ اِذَا هُمْ یَقْنَطُوْنَ(36) اَوَ لَمْ یَرَوْا اَنَّ اللّٰهَ یَبْسُطُ الرِّزْقَ لِمَنْ یَّشَآءُ وَ یَقْدِرُؕ-اِنَّ فِیْ ذٰلِكَ لَاٰیٰتٍ لِّقَوْمٍ یُّؤْمِنُوْنَ(37) فَاٰتِ ذَا الْقُرْبٰى حَقَّهٗ وَ الْمِسْكِیْنَ وَ ابْنَ السَّبِیْلِؕ-ذٰلِكَ خَیْرٌ لِّلَّذِیْنَ یُرِیْدُوْنَ وَجْهَ اللّٰهِ٘-وَ اُولٰٓىٕكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُوْنَ(38) وَ مَاۤ اٰتَیْتُمْ مِّنْ رِّبًا لِّیَرْبُوَاۡ فِیْۤ اَمْوَالِ النَّاسِ فَلَا یَرْبُوْا عِنْدَ اللّٰهِۚ-وَ مَاۤ اٰتَیْتُمْ مِّنْ زَكٰوةٍ تُرِیْدُوْنَ وَجْهَ اللّٰهِ فَاُولٰٓىٕكَ هُمُ الْمُضْعِفُوْنَ(39) اَللّٰهُ الَّذِیْ خَلَقَكُمْ ثُمَّ رَزَقَكُمْ ثُمَّ یُمِیْتُكُمْ ثُمَّ یُحْیِیْكُمْؕ-هَلْ مِنْ شُرَكَآىٕكُمْ مَّنْ یَّفْعَلُ مِنْ ذٰلِكُمْ مِّنْ شَیْءٍؕ-سُبْحٰنَهٗ وَ تَعٰلٰى عَمَّا یُشْرِكُوْنَ(40) ظَهَرَ الْفَسَادُ فِی الْبَرِّ وَ الْبَحْرِ بِمَا كَسَبَتْ اَیْدِی النَّاسِ لِیُذِیْقَهُمْ بَعْضَ الَّذِیْ عَمِلُوْا لَعَلَّهُمْ یَرْجِعُوْنَ(41) قُلْ سِیْرُوْا فِی الْاَرْضِ فَانْظُرُوْا كَیْفَ كَانَ عَاقِبَةُ الَّذِیْنَ مِنْ قَبْلُؕ-كَانَ اَكْثَرُهُمْ مُّشْرِكِیْنَ(42) فَاَقِمْ وَجْهَكَ لِلدِّیْنِ الْقَیِّمِ مِنْ قَبْلِ اَنْ یَّاْتِیَ یَوْمٌ لَّا مَرَدَّ لَهٗ مِنَ اللّٰهِ یَوْمَىٕذٍ یَّصَّدَّعُوْنَ(43) مَنْ كَفَرَ فَعَلَیْهِ كُفْرُهٗۚ-وَ مَنْ عَمِلَ صَالِحًا فَلِاَنْفُسِهِمْ یَمْهَدُوْنَ(44) لِیَجْزِیَ الَّذِیْنَ اٰمَنُوْا وَ عَمِلُوا الصّٰلِحٰتِ مِنْ فَضْلِهٖؕ-اِنَّهٗ لَا یُحِبُّ الْكٰفِرِیْنَ(45) وَ مِنْ اٰیٰتِهٖۤ اَنْ یُّرْسِلَ الرِّیَاحَ مُبَشِّرٰتٍ وَّ لِیُذِیْقَكُمْ مِّنْ رَّحْمَتِهٖ وَ لِتَجْرِیَ الْفُلْكُ بِاَمْرِهٖ وَ لِتَبْتَغُوْا مِنْ فَضْلِهٖ وَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُوْنَ(46) وَ لَقَدْ اَرْسَلْنَا مِنْ قَبْلِكَ رُسُلًا اِلٰى قَوْمِهِمْ فَجَآءُوْهُمْ بِالْبَیِّنٰتِ فَانْتَقَمْنَا مِنَ الَّذِیْنَ اَجْرَمُوْاؕ-وَ كَانَ حَقًّا عَلَیْنَا نَصْرُ الْمُؤْمِنِیْنَ(47) اَللّٰهُ الَّذِیْ یُرْسِلُ الرِّیٰحَ فَتُثِیْرُ سَحَابًا فَیَبْسُطُهٗ فِی السَّمَآءِ كَیْفَ یَشَآءُ وَ یَجْعَلُهٗ كِسَفًا فَتَرَى الْوَدْقَ یَخْرُ جُ مِنْ خِلٰلِهٖۚ-فَاِذَاۤ اَصَابَ بِهٖ مَنْ یَّشَآءُ مِنْ عِبَادِهٖۤ اِذَا هُمْ یَسْتَبْشِرُوْنَ(48) وَ اِنْ كَانُوْا مِنْ قَبْلِ اَنْ یُّنَزَّلَ عَلَیْهِمْ مِّنْ قَبْلِهٖ لَمُبْلِسِیْنَ(49) فَانْظُرْ اِلٰۤى اٰثٰرِ رَحْمَتِ اللّٰهِ كَیْفَ یُحْیِ الْاَرْضَ بَعْدَ مَوْتِهَاؕ-اِنَّ ذٰلِكَ لَمُحْیِ الْمَوْتٰىۚ-وَ هُوَ عَلٰى كُلِّ شَیْءٍ قَدِیْرٌ(50) وَ لَىٕنْ اَرْسَلْنَا رِیْحًا فَرَاَوْهُ مُصْفَرًّا لَّظَلُّوْا مِنْۢ بَعْدِهٖ یَكْفُرُوْنَ(51) فَاِنَّكَ لَا تُسْمِـعُ الْمَوْتٰى وَ لَا تُسْمِـعُ الصُّمَّ الدُّعَآءَ اِذَا وَلَّوْا مُدْبِرِیْنَ(52) وَ مَاۤ اَنْتَ بِهٰدِ الْعُمْیِ عَنْ ضَلٰلَتِهِمْؕ-اِنْ تُسْمِـعُ اِلَّا مَنْ یُّؤْمِنُ بِاٰیٰتِنَا فَهُمْ مُّسْلِمُوْنَ(53) اَللّٰهُ الَّذِیْ خَلَقَكُمْ مِّنْ ضُؔعْفٍ ثُمَّ جَعَلَ مِنْۢ بَعْدِ ضُؔعْفٍ قُوَّةً ثُمَّ جَعَلَ مِنْۢ بَعْدِ قُوَّةٍ ضُؔعْفًا وَّ شَیْبَةًؕ-یَخْلُقُ مَا یَشَآءُۚ-وَ هُوَ الْعَلِیْمُ الْقَدِیْرُ(54) وَ یَوْمَ تَقُوْمُ السَّاعَةُ یُقْسِمُ الْمُجْرِمُوْنَ ﳔ مَا لَبِثُوْا غَیْرَ سَاعَةٍؕ-كَذٰلِكَ كَانُوْا یُؤْفَكُوْنَ(55) وَ قَالَ الَّذِیْنَ اُوْتُوا الْعِلْمَ وَ الْاِیْمَانَ لَقَدْ لَبِثْتُمْ فِیْ كِتٰبِ اللّٰهِ اِلٰى یَوْمِ الْبَعْثِ٘-فَهٰذَا یَوْمُ الْبَعْثِ وَ لٰكِنَّكُمْ كُنْتُمْ لَا تَعْلَمُوْنَ(56) فَیَوْمَىٕذٍ لَّا یَنْفَعُ الَّذِیْنَ ظَلَمُوْا مَعْذِرَتُهُمْ وَ لَا هُمْ یُسْتَعْتَبُوْنَ(57) وَ لَقَدْ ضَرَبْنَا لِلنَّاسِ فِیْ هٰذَا الْقُرْاٰنِ مِنْ كُلِّ مَثَلٍؕ-وَ لَىٕنْ جِئْتَهُمْ بِاٰیَةٍ لَّیَقُوْلَنَّ الَّذِیْنَ كَفَرُوْۤا اِنْ اَنْتُمْ اِلَّا مُبْطِلُوْنَ(58) كَذٰلِكَ یَطْبَعُ اللّٰهُ عَلٰى قُلُوْبِ الَّذِیْنَ لَا یَعْلَمُوْنَ(59) فَاصْبِرْ اِنَّ وَعْدَ اللّٰهِ حَقٌّ وَّ لَا یَسْتَخِفَّنَّكَ الَّذِیْنَ لَا یُوْقِنُوْنَ(60)

In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

1. Alif-Lam-Mim. [These letters are one of the miracles of the Qur’an, and none but Allah (Alone) knows their meanings]. 2. The Romans have been defeated. 3. In the nearer land (Syria, Iraq, Jordan, and Palestine), and they, after their defeat, will be victorious. 4. Within three to nine years. The decision of the matter, before and after (these events) is only with Allah, (before the defeat of Romans by the Persians, and after, i.e. the defeat of the Persians by the Romans). And on that Day, the believers (i.e. Muslims) will rejoice (at the victory given by Allah to the Romans against the Persians), 5. With the help of Allah, He helps whom He wills, and He is the All-Mighty, the Most Merciful. 6. (It is) a Promise of Allah (i.e. Allah will give victory to the Romans against the Persians), and Allah fails not in His Promise, but most of men know not. 7. They know only the outside appearance of the life of the world (i.e. the matters of their livelihood, like irrigating or sowing or reaping, etc.), and they are heedless of the Hereafter. 8. Do they not think deeply (in their ownselves) about themselves (how Allah created them from nothing, and similarly He will resurrect them)? Allah has created not the heavens and the earth, and all that is between them, except with truth and for an appointed term. And indeed many of mankind deny the Meeting with their Lord. [See Tafsir At-Tabari, Part 21, Page 24]. 9. Do they not travel in the land, and see what was the end of those before them? They were superior to them in strength, and they tilled the earth and populated it in greater numbers than these (pagans) have done, and there came to them their Messengers with clear proofs. Surely, Allah wronged them not, but they used to wrong themselves. 10. Then evil was the end of those who did evil, because they belied the Ayat (proofs, evidences, verses, lessons, signs, revelations, Messengers, etc.) of Allah and made mock of them. 11. Allah (Alone) originates the creation, then He will repeat it, then to Him you will be returned. 12. And on the Day when the Hour will be established, the Mujrimun (disbelievers, sinners, criminals, polytheists, etc.) will be plunged into destruction with deep regrets, sorrows, and despair. 13. No intercessor will they have from those whom they made equal with Allah (partners i.e. their so-called associate gods), and they will (themselves) reject and deny their partners. 14. And on the Day when the Hour will be established, that Day shall (all men) be separated (i.e the believers will be separated from the disbelievers). 15. Then as for those who believed (in the Oneness of Allah Islamic Monotheism) and did righteous good deeds, such shall be honoured and made to enjoy luxurious life (forever) in a Garden of delight (Paradise). 16. And as for those who disbelieved and belied Our Ayat (proofs, evidences, verses, lessons, signs, revelations, Allah’s Messengers, Resurrection, etc.), and the Meeting of the Hereafter, such shall be brought forth to the torment (in the Hell-fire). 17. So glorify Allah [above all that (evil) they associate with Him (O believers)], when you come up to the evening [i.e. offer the (Maghrib) sunset and (‘Isha’) night prayers], and when you enter the morning [i.e offer the (Fajr) morning prayer]. 18. And His is all the praises and thanks in the heavens and the earth, and (glorify Him) in the afternoon (i.e. offer ‘Asr prayer) and when you come up to the time, when the day begins to decline (i.e offer Zuhr prayer). (Ibn ‘Abbas said: “These are the five compulsory congregational prayers mentioned in the Qur’an).” 19. He brings out the living from the dead, and brings out the dead from the living. And He revives the earth after its death. And thus shall you be brought out (resurrected). 20. And among His Signs is this, that He created you (Adam) from dust, and then [Hawwa’ (Eve) from Adam’s rib, and then his offspring from the semen, and], – behold you are human beings scattered! 21. And among His Signs is this, that He created for you wives from among yourselves, that you may find repose in them, and He has put between you affection and mercy. Verily, in that are indeed signs for a people who reflect. 22. And among His Signs is the creation of the heavens and the earth, and the difference of your languages and colours. Verily, in that are indeed signs for men of sound knowledge. 23. And among His Signs is the sleep that you take by night and by day, and your seeking of His Bounty. Verily, in that are indeed signs for a people who listen. 24. And among His Signs is that He shows you the lightning, by way of fear and hope, and He sends down water (rain) from the sky, and therewith revives the earth after its death. Verily, in that are indeed signs for a people who understand. 25. And among His Signs is that the heaven and the earth stand by His Command, then afterwards when He will call you by single call, behold, you will come out from the earth (i.e from your graves for reckoning and recompense). 26. To Him belongs whatever is in the heavens and the earth. All are obedient to Him. 27. And He it is Who originates the creation, then will repeat it (after it has been perished), and this is easier for Him. His is the highest description (i.e. none has the right to be worshipped but He, and there is nothing comparable unto Him) in the heavens and in the earth. And He is the All-Mighty, the All-Wise. 28. He sets forth for you a parable from your ownselves, – Do you have partners among those whom your right hands possess (i.e your slaves) to share as equals in the wealth We have bestowed on you? Whom you fear as you fear each other? Thus do We explain the signs in detail to a people who have sense . 29. Nay, but those who do wrong follow their own lusts without knowledge, Then who will guide him whom Allah has sent astray? And for such there will be no helpers. 30. So set you (O Muhammad ) your face towards the religion of pure Islamic Monotheism Hanifa (worship none but Allah Alone) Allah’s Fitrah (i.e. Allah’s Islamic Monotheism), with which He has created mankind. No change let there be in Khalq-illah (i.e. the Religion of Allah Islamic Monotheism), that is the straight religion, but most of men know not. [Tafsir At-Tabari, Vol 21, Page 41] 31. (Always) Turning in repentance to Him (only), and be afraid and dutiful to Him; and perform As-Salat (Iqamat-as-Salat) and be not of Al-Mushrikun (the disbelievers in the Oneness of Allah, polytheists, idolaters, etc.). 32. Of those who split up their religion (i.e. who left the true Islamic Monotheism), and became sects, [i.e. they invented new things in the religion (Bid’ah), and followed their vain desires], each sect rejoicing in that which is with it. 33. And when harm touches men, they cry sincerely only to their Lord (Allah), turning to Him in repentance, but when He gives them a taste of His Mercy, behold! a party of them associate partners in worship with their Lord. 34. So as to be ungrateful for the graces which We have bestowed on them. Then enjoy (your short life); but you will come to know. 35. Or have We revealed to them a Scripture, which speaks of that which they have been associating with Him? 36. And when We cause mankind to taste of mercy, they rejoice therein, but when some evil afflicts them because of (evil deeds and sins) that their (own) hands have sent forth, lo! They are in despair! 37. Do they not see that Allah enlarges the provision for whom He wills and straitens (it for whom He wills). Verily, in that are indeed signs for a people who believe. 38. So give to the kindred his due, and to Al-Miskin (the poor) and to the wayfarer. That is best for those who seek Allah’s Countenance, and it is they who will be successful. 39. And that which you give in gift (to others), in order that it may increase (your wealth by expecting to get a better one in return) from other people’s property, has no increase with Allah, but that which you give in Zakat seeking Allah’s Countenance then those, they shall have manifold increase. 40. Allah is He Who created you, then provided food for you, then will cause you to die, then (again) He will give you life (on the Day of Resurrection). Is there any of your (so-called) partners (of Allah) that do anything of that ? Glory be to Him! And Exalted be He above all that (evil) they associate (with Him). 41. Evil (sins and disobedience of Allah, etc.) has appeared on land and sea because of what the hands of men have earned (by oppression and evil deeds, etc.), that Allah may make them taste a part of that which they have done, in order that they may return (by repenting to Allah, and begging His Pardon). 42. Say (O Muhammad ): “Travel in the land and see what was the end of those before (you)! Most of them were Mushrikun (the disbelievers in the Oneness of Allah, polytheists, idolaters, etc.).” 43. So set you (O Muhammad ) your face to (the obedience of Allah, your Lord) the straight and right religion (Islamic Monotheism), before there comes from Allah a Day which none can avert it. On that Day men shall be divided [(in two groups), a group in Paradise and a group in Hell]. 44. Whosoever disbelieves will suffer from his disbelief, and whosoever does righteous good deeds (by practising Islamic Monotheism), then such will prepare a good place (in Paradise) for themselves (and will be saved by Allah from His Torment). 45. That He may reward those who believe (in the Oneness of Allah Islamic Monotheism), and do righteous good deeds, out of His Bounty. Verily, He likes not the disbelievers. 46. And among His Signs is this, that He sends the winds as glad tidings, giving you a taste of His Mercy (i.e. rain), and that the ships may sail at His Command, and that you may seek of His Bounty, in order that you may be thankful. 47. And indeed We did send Messengers before you (O Muhammad ) to their own peoples. They came to them with clear proofs, then, We took vengeance on those who committed crimes (disbelief, setting partners in worship with Allah, sins, etc.), and (as for) the believers it was incumbent upon Us to help (them). 48. Allah is He Who sends the winds, so they raise clouds, and spread them along the sky as He wills, and then break them into fragments, until you see rain drops come forth from their midst! Then when He has made them fall on whom of His slaves as He will, lo! they rejoice! 49. And verily before that (rain), just before it was sent down upon them, they were in despair! 50. Look then at the effects (results) of Allah’s Mercy, how He revives the earth after its death. Verily! That (Allah) Who revived the earth after its death shall indeed raise the dead (on the Day of Resurrection), and He is Able to do all things. 51. And if We send a wind [which would spoil the green growth (tilth) brought up by the previous rain], and they see (their tilth) turn yellow, behold, they then after their being glad, would become unthankful (to their Lord Allah as) disbelievers. 52. So verily, you (O Muhammad ) cannot make the dead to hear (i.e. the disbelievers, etc.), nor can you make the deaf to hear the call, when they show their backs, turning away. 53. And you (O Muhammad ) cannot guide the blind from their straying; you can make to hear only those who believe in Our Ayat (proofs, evidences, verses, lessons, signs, revelations, etc.), and have submitted to Allah in Islam (as Muslims). 54. Allah is He Who created you in (a state of) weakness, then gave you strength after weakness, then after strength gave (you) weakness and grey hair. He creates what He wills. And it is He Who is the All-Knowing, the All-Powerful (i.e. Able to do all things). 55. And on the Day that the Hour will be established, the Mujrimun (criminals, disbelievers, polytheists, sinners, etc.) will swear that they stayed not but an hour, thus were they ever deluded [away from the truth (i.e they used to tell lies and take false oaths, and turn away from the truth) in this life of the world)]. 56. And those who have been bestowed with knowledge and faith will say: “Indeed you have stayed according to the Decree of Allah, until the Day of Resurrection, so this is the Day of Resurrection, but you knew not.” 57. So on that Day no excuse of theirs will avail those who did wrong (by associating partners in worship with Allah, and by denying the Day of Resurrection), nor will they be allowed (then) to return to seek Allah’s Pleasure (by having Islamic Faith with righteous deeds and by giving up polytheism, sins and crimes with repentance). 58. And indeed We have set forth for mankind, in this Qur’an every kind of parable. But if you (O Muhammad ) bring to them any sign or proof, (as an evidence for the truth of your Prophethood), the disbelievers are sure to say (to the believers): “You follow nothing but falsehood, and magic.” 59. Thus does Allah seal up the hearts of those who know not [the proofs and evidence of the Oneness of Allah i.e. those who try not to understand true facts that which you (Muhammad ) have brought to them]. 60. So be patient (O Muhammad ). Verily, the Promise of Allah is true, and let not those who have no certainty of faith, discourage you from conveying Allah’s Message (which you are obliged to convey).

Summary:

Surah Ar-Rum is the 30th chapter of the Quran, consisting of 60 verses. It was revealed in Makkah and is named after the Romans (Rum) mentioned in the opening verses. The Surah addresses the fall and subsequent rise of the Byzantine Empire, emphasizes the signs of Allah’s creation, and highlights the consequences of disbelief. Verses 1-6: The Fall and Rise of the Romans The Surah begins with the announcement of the defeat of the Romans by the Persians. This defeat was followed by their victory over the Persians within a few years, as prophesied. This event is presented as a sign of Allah’s power and the truth of His revelations. Verses 7-11: Signs of Allah’s Creation The Surah reflects on the signs of Allah’s creation, including the formation of the heavens and the earth, the creation of human beings, and the alternation of night and day. These natural phenomena are presented as clear evidence of Allah’s existence and authority. Verses 12-19: The Resurrection and the Hereafter The Surah discusses the certainty of the resurrection and the life after death. It describes the Day of Judgment as a time when the dead will be resurrected and all deeds will be judged. The resurrection is portrayed as a reality that should be acknowledged and believed in. Verses 20-27: The Creation and Power of Allah The Surah emphasizes the power of Allah in creation, including the creation of human beings and the diversity of languages and colors among people. It highlights the divine wisdom and knowledge behind the creation of the universe and the human experience. Verses 28-30: The Call to Faith Believers are called to recognize the signs of Allah and turn to Him with sincerity. The Surah urges people to reflect on the teachings of Islam and to worship Allah alone, abandoning the false gods and beliefs of their predecessors. Verses 31-34: The Opposition of Disbelievers The Surah addresses the disbelief and rejection faced by the Prophet Muhammad and his followers. It highlights the arrogance of those who reject the message of Islam and their refusal to acknowledge the truth despite the clear signs provided by Allah. Verses 35-41: The Corruption of the Earth These verses reflect on the corruption and mischief that have spread on earth as a consequence of human actions. It emphasizes the need for repentance and the importance of recognizing the signs of Allah’s displeasure with the actions of humanity. Verses 42-45: The Consequences of Denial The Surah warns of the consequences for those who deny the truth and persist in their disbelief. It assures the believers that Allah will ultimately prevail, and that the outcome of their struggles will be in their favor if they remain steadfast in their faith. Verses 46-60: The Power and Knowledge of Allah The Surah concludes by reaffirming the omnipotence and omniscience of Allah. It emphasizes that all matters of life and the Hereafter are under His control. Believers are encouraged to trust in Allah’s wisdom and to remain patient in the face of trials.